A typical substation engineering project begins with feasibility studies and load analysis to determine capacity requirements and site constraints. The team then develops detailed physical and electrical layouts, performs short-circuit and coordination studies, designs grounding and lightning protection systems, and specifies major equipment such as power transformers, circuit breakers, disconnect switches, instrument transformers, and protection & control panels.

Civil and structural engineering design covers foundations, control buildings, cable trenches, and equipment supports. Engineers also prepare relay settings, SCADA integration, wiring diagrams, and commissioning procedures. During construction, the team provides technical oversight, testing support (including relay testing and energization), and final documentation to ensure safe, reliable grid integration.